Thomas Hobbes And John Locke - 1348 Words

As a result of the 17th century English Revolution, a radically changing government led English writers, philosophers, and politicians to expand upon the notion of human nature, based on their own beliefs and experiences. Two of these renowned English thinkers, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, embodied the rising movement of using reason to make judgments on government, society, and the role of the king. Despite approaching the question of human nature with similar foundations, The State of Equality, Hobbes and Locke develop entirely opposing arguments, reflected in their position supporting and opposing an absolute monarch, respectively. Many of the most notable distinctions between Hobbes’ and Locke’s philosophies, namely concerning†¦show more content†¦Hobbes observed that, while one man may hold an advantage in one area of his life, the next man will be better suited in another. In this way, all men are equal when looking at his existence in it’s entire ty. Similarly, Locke describes that in the state of nature, men are â€Å"all equal and independent†¦ for men being all the workmanship of one omnipotent, and infinitely wise maker† (3). Although their reasoning is distinctive, the argument of equality is consistent. Additionally, both Hobbes and Locke speak to the dangers of the state of nature. Hobbes claims that, arising from this equality in â€Å"ability†, there is an equality of hoping to attain similar items, â€Å"and therefore if any two men desire the same thing, which nevertheless they cannot both enjoy, they become enemies† (1). According to Hobbes, as long as man is in a state of nature, he is in a state of war. Likewise, Locke speaks to dangers in that, â€Å"if any one in the state of nature may punish another for any evil he had done, every one may do so†¦. And this in the state of nature on man comes by a power over another† (4). This, Locke claims, leads to a state of war. All in all,

The Kite Runner And Oedipus King Analysis - 1351 Words

sky â€Å"Who am I?† This has become the essential question asked in each literary work The Kite Runner and Oedipus Rex. Striving to find who they are the characters, Oedipus and Amir, try to figure out what they have become through their separate journeys. Most of their conclusions rely on the fact that both characters continue to look back into their past. The constant theme in both the novel and the tragedy is continuously looking into the past. Both characters constantly look at the past in ways such as their relationship with their father, the wrong choices they have made, and the secrets that lie in the family. Although the relationship between a father and son should be something strong, manly, and unbreakable it proves to not hold true†¦show more content†¦Now in Oedipus Rex his fathers decisions in the past lead to the fractured relationship they hold today. Oedipus can not control himself when angered, so he has always feared seeing his father because he would try to kill him. Amir and Oedipus are both pushed away and rejected by the men they crave recognition from. When the Shepherd says â€Å"Out of pity, master. It seemed he would bear him away to another land, his home. But he rescued him into the greatest evils. For if you are who he says, know that you were born cursed† he is letting Oedipus know that his father turned him away at a young age because he was cursed (Sophocles 53). This clearly causes Oedipus to feel damaged because in the next line he says â€Å"Light, let me see the last of you now† (Sophocles 53). It is not easy to hear the rejection that O edipus has been getting since birth from his father. Not only has this affected his life by living in fear, but he is now wanting some cruel punishment to come upon him. Oedipus and Amir continue to struggle with the life their fathers have created for them. All throughout The Kite Runner Amir tried to console himself for the choice of not helping Hassan in the alley on that one faithful night. His choice to not help Hassan affected Amir leading him to adopt Hassan’s son in a plea to fill the void that he created by not stepping up. In this line â€Å"I opened my mouth, almost saidShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLine 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics

A Paper On Customer Satisfaction Free Essays

Marketing Is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering values to customers and for managing customer relationships In ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. These values are related to an economic dimension and the psychological dimension of the said marketing definition. The same dimensions speak about perceived price through transaction values and cognitive and affective influences on brand choice and affective influences. We will write a custom essay sample on A Paper On Customer Satisfaction or any similar topic only for you Order Now This definition of marketing leads to the importance and critical roles of customers perception of corporate Images and reputation leading to customer satisfaction as an Intermediary to customer loyalty. This Is done In relevance with the belief and fact that customers are the primary ‘assets’ of a market and not the product itself. With customers being satisfied, or if customers show a high level of satisfaction then only can the market for the particular product grow. This in turn can lead to customer loyalty and loyalty intention. What is Customer Satisfaction? Customer Satisfaction Is said to be able to Increase product sales and bring about fulfillment response. It is a Judgment that a product or service feature, or the reduce itself, provided or is providing a pleasurable level of consumption-related fulfillment including levels of under or over-fulfillment. † It is the degree of experience that a customer receives from a good or service provided by a market. Thus ‘Customer Satisfaction’ is the measure of this degree of experience or pleasure of customers measured by the number of repeated customers who repeatedly use the goods or service. It is also seen that customer satisfaction leads to the customers being loyal to the product or service thus in return be loyal to the particular brand of the product. It can also be used as a measure of loyalty intention. Oliver(1997) defined customer’s loyalty as â€Å"a deep held commitment to rebury or re-patronize a preferred product or service consistently in the future, thereby causing repetitive same brand or same brand-set purchasing, despite situational influences and marketing efforts that have the potential to cause switching behavior. Loyalty then is the intent or the customer’s behavior to rebury the same product or service from a particular source (thus linking to a brand) because of the satisfaction that he or she achieved from using the product/service repeatedly. Why is Customer Satisfaction Important? Talking about customer satisfaction, one must understand why customer satisfaction is important. In asking that question the following reasons come up based on research. The main point is because customer satisfaction as a measure of loyalty intention and customer retention is a leading indicator and a point differentiator. Studying customer satisfaction or performing customer satisfaction surveys yields a better understanding of customer lifetime value and reduces customer churn. In saying so, keeping and making old customers satisfied is a lot cheaper than acquiring new ones. Making customers happy reduces negative word of mouth for the product or service and thus doesn’t affect the product or service negatively. On the other hand, with satisfied and happy customers word of mouth would enable an acquisition of many more other customers who can then be transformed to satisfied customers and then into totally satisfied customers. Retaining customers who are satisfied isn’t much of a problem, it is those customers who often have problems with the products or services offered that needs to be looked into. Suppose if a ‘satisfaction’ survey is carried out on a particular product, and the result gives a list if any customers who are not satisfied with the product or who gives a low rating for the product; then one must look into how and why they are unsatisfied with the product. One can keep a watch list on these customers and follow up with different queries so as to determine why they are not satisfied. In knowing this, the brand can know the actual number of people who have intent of repurchase and of those who are actually loyal to the brand. The main difference between competitors in a market is their ability to retain and satisfy those customers who continue to be with them. Bringing customer satisfaction as a main strategy or a core point of action for a brand can be a detrimental factor for two or more competitors offering the same service or product. Take for example Competitor A and Competitor B both offering Product X. A customer C would go for either of the competitor’s Product X if C would have received feedback from another customer (say D) if D would have given a positive feedback to given a positive word of mouth feedback to C of the Product X from Competitor A if the competitor A had offered or given a high level of satisfaction to the customer D. Thus the main differentiating factor for C for choosing product X from A and B would highly depend on the recommendation from D. This is what is meant by acquiring new customers and retaining old ones based on customer satisfaction. Studies have shown that totally satisfied customers are more loyal to a brand than Just satisfied customers. The Customer Lifetime Value (CLC) which can yield profit from a customer based on prediction of spending of the customer on a particular product or service is different for totally and Just satisfied customers. Just satisfied customers can and eight defect to other products or services and have a lower CLC. This is because with just satisfied customers, chances of new products from competitors who offer better services and benefits might make them shift from their regular brand and products. This can be attributed to the effect of the new product attributes that wooed them to shift or because of the lack of retention capability of the current brand. In the case of totally satisfied customers however, a new product or service with better offers and benefits than the current brand isn’t enough to deter them to take a shift. This might be due to the high loyalty they have towards their current brand because of their high levels of satisfaction they achieved from using the product or service or because of the brand’s capability to retain them by incorporating customer satisfaction strategies in their business plans. Thus we can see that Just satisfied customers are willing to shift to other products more readily than totally satisfied customers. Markets should be able to distinguish between these two and formulate strategies to convert Just satisfied to totally satisfied customers which can raise the Customer Lifetime Value and thus increase profit. Consistency as a Customer Satisfaction Tool For a brand to be able to retain customers and to make them satisfied and happy, consistency is one of the major routes in achieving total customer satisfaction. The consistency that the paper talks about is the consistent satisfaction of a customer and its measure of relation to the overall sum of customer satisfaction over a period of time. This is in contrast to the measure of a five point scale satisfaction survey of individual customers. In measuring this satisfaction consistency, we measure the attestation levels of an individual customer for a particular product or service provided by a certain brand over their continued use and repurchase of the product or brand. This gives us a better understanding of the customer’s response to the product or service though out the customer lifetime value. With increasing use of the product the customer can either be satisfied, totally satisfied or be frustrated with the product. This study based on consistency can then be translated into strategies or plans to enable the brand to retain the dissatisfied customer, convert the Just testified and improve the totally satisfied customer. Throughout the customers’ lifetime with the product the brands consistent work to provide them with excellent and effortless service and a consistent support mechanism can ensure maximum customer satisfaction. However not all brands can offer and deliver the same. Having a positive customer-experience emotions- encompassed in a feeling of trust-were the biggest drivers of satisfaction and loyalty in a majority of industries. Consistency with customers in relationships, services and relations is important to forge trust brands’ customer pool. A company’s brand is driven by more than the combination of promises made and kept. It is also critical to ensure customers recognize the delivery of those promises. This requires communicating and key messages that consistently highlight delivery and themes. In this case customer’s perceptions and views of the brand are reinforced. This in turn generates goodwill in the minds of the customers thus leading into a satisfaction level though the communication of these fulfilling promises and on time market communications to reinforce experiences. Relationship between Price and Satisfaction Say a customer A was traveling and had to stop to stay for a night. The hotel that he stayed charged him an exorbitant amount as the room rent and other charges and this caused A to be upset and thus dissatisfied with the hotel. But because of the urgent requirement he had to put up with it. But in staying at the hotel he found out that the overall service of the hotel, the staffs and the facilities provided were much more than he anticipated. When asked to rate the hotel he gave it a ten out of ten. This is an example of how price can be related to satisfaction. But this is not the case with most products and services. Customers often expect good sales and services when they pay a hefty price for a product. If the product performs they are more likely to continue the use of the same product and recommend the same to others. The opposite is the case if the product doesn’t meet the necessary requirements the customer had in mind while paying for it. If that’s the case, a sure negative response from the customer via word of mouth would go to others, thus making the brand lose out on a potential customer while not retaining a customer. Thus customer satisfaction and price has a direct negative relationship and impact on customer attention. This is regardless of satisfaction with the service experience or reward programmer membership status. This also shows the price sensitivity of customers in relation to being satisfied with a product or service. Achieving Customer Satisfaction As customer satisfaction is an important factor for brands, companies and the market, plans and strategies must be included to achieve the same. This part of the paper will give a simple layout on how to achieve customer satisfaction. Since the business or the market continues to exist because of the customer, the customer should be made the first priority. This is in accordance to what was said at the beginning of the paper where customers where declared as assets of a market. If customers are unhappy and uncaring for a product or service; chances are they have already made up their minds to shift to another. They also are highly capable to spread negativity about the same product or service via word of mouth. A â€Å"Can-Do† attitude by sales executives and the staffs in general can go a long way to making customers happy and satisfied. Inconvenience caused by the staffs and personnel at a retail shop or outlet can cause a very long lasting negative impression on the minds f the customers. The lesser the complaints received, the more highly the customer is satisfied with the service. Communication with customers also offers a great platform in creating relationships with them and building trust in them. Also communication about the services and products provided by the brand to increase the knowledge of the customer is an ideal way to retain customers. If the full quality and service of a product and the extent to which the product or service can be used is made known to customer gets about the product or service, the more highly it can affect his/her purchase decision again and again. This can then lead to customer retention and satisfaction. Timing is also one of the basic factors that can lead to customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction. On time deliveries, sales and services, and deadlines are real time factors influencing customer satisfaction. Uncertainty and lack of confidence with customers are negative points on the customer’s mind. Your customer expects prompt, courteous service. When asking for service help, your customer should never have to make a second call. Establish clearly defined and attainable service standards using the input of customers and employees. Ensure hat those standards are thoroughly understood by employees and promoted to customers. Put the standards into practice through employee reward programs that establish and recognize excellence in service. Research into competitors actions to improve your own goals and improve your own techniques and services. Remember that the customer is the markets’ everything. Complains must be listened and taken into account. Positive solutions must be encouraged along with politeness, compliments and enthusiasm. You are the company that the customer sees. The customer is always evaluating you, so offer a better service than your competitors ND always show interest in the customer. Conclusion In concluding we can see that although there are customers who will always buy and purchase a product or service because of needs and requirements; totally satisfied customers are hard to find. Retaining Just satisfied customers also is a hard process since it entails a lot of work and research into why there can be a shift even when they are satisfied. Customer satisfaction is thus seen as not Just a unit of measure for brands and markets to calculate their profits and revenues but is seen as an important factor for marketing strategies and plans. This is because the more satisfied the customers are, the more loyal they can become and the more loyal they become the more benefit the brand and the market can achieve from them in terms of profit and revenue. The results of the study shows that the markets offering different products and services should concentrate on customer satisfaction as it plays an important role in retaining customers which are the â€Å"Assets† of any market. References 1. Enhance Plus; â€Å"Why is Customer Satisfaction Important? † 2. â€Å"The effect of price on return intentions: Do satisfaction and reward programmer membership matter? How to cite A Paper On Customer Satisfaction, Papers

Bail Activity Essay Example For Students

Bail Activity Essay Affaf Noor Saidi 1. Consider arguments for and against granting bail to each of the following defendants. * Lucy, aged 22, has been charged with dealing heroin. She was caught with a large amount of the drug in the back of her car. She lives with her parents and has worked as an office assistant for the same employer since leaving school at the age of 16. Bail is when a person is granted temporary freedom provided the person promises to appear at court on a fixed date and pay a certain sum, a surety if the promise is broken. The granting of bail may be conditional upon the accused appearance at the police station at given times before the trial. Section 38 of the Police And Criminal Evidence Act 1984 provides that when a person arrested otherwise than under a warrant endorsed for police bail is charged with an offence, the custody officer must order his release from police detention either on bail or without unless the suspect’s name and address cannot be ascertained or there are reasonable grounds for doubting the truth of the name and address. We will write a custom essay on Bail Activity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Lucy was charged with dealing heroin, a large amount of the drug was found in the back of her car. Lucy also lives with her parents and has been working as an office assistant for the same employer since she was 16. One of the reasons why Lucy should be granted bail is that she resides at a specific address with her parents. This shows that Lucy has a permanent place to stay, and by granting her bail, the police can identify her address should they need to find. She also worked at the same place with the same employer since she was out of school at the age of 16. This proves that Lucy has a stable monetary income to care for her parents. Therefore Lucy would not leave her parents without an income by committing other offenses whilst on bail or even jeopardising her job. On the other hand, dealing with heroin is a presumption against bail. As heroin is a Class A type drug. Under Section 19 of Criminal Justice Act 2003, where an adult offender is either charged with possession or possession with intent to supply a Class A drug, there is a restriction on to the right for bail. Other than that Lucy should not be granted bail because she has been working in the same place for the past six year, she might have a big circle of contacts around her area of residence or work location, there is doubt in whether her colleagues could be supplying her with the drugs or are her clients. Another thing is that, Lucy has a stable income and she lives with her parents, she could decide to move houses or even try to start reselling the heroin as she has the money to purchase the drugs. * Barry, aged 36, has a number of previous convictions for shoplifting over the last five years. He is currently charged with stealing a jacket worth ? 60 from a shop in the High Street. Barry lives in a squat with his girlfriend. He is currently unemployed. On granting bail, the court will consider whether the defendant deserves to be granted bail. The factors of granting bail is/are, whether the nature and seriousness of the offense is entitled to a bail, whether the defendant’s previous records were granted bail, or/and whether the strength of the evidence against the defendant is enough to be considered for bail. Other than that, the court also set conditions to a grant of bail, while on bail, the defendant must reside at a particular known address by the police. Barry should not be given bail because the seriousness of the offense is not big. Barry stole a jacket worth 60 pounds, therefore the court should not grant him bail as he would not flee out of the country over a 60 pounds jacket or even try to jeopardise himself by not turning up to the hearings. Other than that, he has had a number of previous convictions for shoplifting over the last five years, this shows that never fails to turn up at every stage of hearing. .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d , .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d .postImageUrl , .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d , .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d:hover , .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d:visited , .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d:active { border:0!important; } .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d:active , .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3fe903f3ca08d4497b67fef880f8233d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Old Lady and the Cat EssayMoreover, Barry lives with his girlfriend, this proves that he has no place to stay or someone to look after him as he has no stable income to earn a living on his own, therefore he would not risk his life by not turning up for hearing dates. On the other hand, if Barry was to be released on bail, there is a high chance that he might commit similar offences whilst on bail, as he had a number of shoplifting in the past. Furthermore, he is living in a squat with his girlfriend, thus running away is easier for him. This is because the police does not know his exact or permanent address, therefore finding him would be hard for the police if he decides to run away. * Shirley, aged 31, is an accountant. She lives with her husband and four children in a detached house. She is accused of defrauding one of her clients out of several thousand pounds. One of the factors that are considered by the court before granting bail to defendants is the defendant’s ties with the community. Shirley is a mother of four and lives with her family in a detached house. She should be given bail because she is well settled down with her family and is occupied with her children. Therefore, she would not flee the country and leave her family behind. Other than that, she is an accountant, she should be given bail because she has the obligation to attend the hearings of the court so that her reputation among her clients does not go down. Moreover, she would not try to commit any other similar offenses as she might lose her clients if she does. On the other hand, fraud is a presumption against bail. As it affects the public, Shirley should not be given bail. Shirley and her family lives in a detached house, this proves that she has a high financial status. This means that, Shirley and her family can run away from her fraud accusations by fleeing the state or country. Other than that, as she is in a high financial state, she could interfere with the witnesses and bribe her way out her fraudulent accusations. 2. Assuming that the Magistrates did feel that bail could be granted to Lucy, Barry and Shirley, suggest suitable bail conditions for each of them If Lucy were to be granted bail, I think the suitable bail conditions that must be given to Lucy is that the Magistrates must impose a curfew on her so that she can prove where she is at certain times. Other than that, she must be told to maintain her job so that she would not have any other new contact with people outside of her working place. The Magistrate must also tell her to surrender her passport to make sure that she will not flee the country. On top of that, she must turn up at designated times at the police station to report her presence, so that the police is aware of her following her bail orders. Barry on the other hand, must have his girlfriend stand as a surety, and make sure that he will not commit further shoplifting or similar offences whilst on bail. He must also surrender his passport to make sure he does not flee the country. As for Shirley, the Magistrates must order her to surrender all of her documents concerning this particular client to her colleagues and not to intervene with their affairs. Likewise, she must also cut off any possible contact with this client so that she does not temper around with evidence or investigation. Besides that she must surrender her passport to make sure she does not flee the country, and must also have her husband stand as surety that she will not commit further similar offences whilst on bail. In addition she must continue to work at her firm and not change her working pattern.

Investigatory project free essay sample

Get the answer below Sponsored Links Biosimilar Product eBook www. terrapinn. com/Biosimilar Download For Free Now! Innovations In Biosimilar Product Developments. Mosquito Patch www. agraconew. com Repell mosquitoes naturally 100% Deet free 36 hour protection Electronics Mini Projects projectsqa. com Ask, find, discuss about Projects Topics, Guidance much more Answer Paolo, There are hundreds of topics that you could choose as your physics investigatory projects. Depending upon how dificult you want them to be they could be 1) Investigate the water boiling phenomenon 2) How does a cycle balance 3) What is gravity? 4) What are the fundamental universal constants and why do they have the values that they do? etc.. palash Add to this AnswerAsk a Question Related Articles Job Interview Answer: What is Your Greatest Weakness? Finish or Frog: Should You Finish that Project or Rip it Out? How to Select a Science Fair Project Topic Make a Science Fair Poster or Display What Is a Science Fair Project Introduction to Science Fair Projects Sponsored Links High-energy physics news cerncourier. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigatory project or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page com The international website for high-energy physics news Physics, formally called natural philosophy, is the science of energy and matter and the interactions between the two. Physics includes the study of material and energy as related to motions, heat, light, and force. Modern extensions of physics has expanded to include nuclear physics, particle physics, plasma physics, and cryogenics. All projects Additive Colors To discover how white light is made. Balloon Rocket Car To demonstrate Newtons Third Law of Motion by constructing a balloon-powered rocket car. Build an Electromagnet To find out how electromagnetism works by constructing an electromagnet and be able to answer the question â€Å"How does electromagnetism work? † Build an Inclinometer To build a device that will trace the lines of the Earths magnetic field. Create Lightening To create your own lightening using just a few simple tools – things that you are likely to find already in your home or at the grocery store. You will be able to see and possibly hear the lightening as it’s created! Egg in a Bottle To put an egg into a bottle and take it out intact using the properties of air pressure. Floating Ball Experiment To demonstrate the dynamics of air pressure Floating Balloon To demonstrate the principle of buoyancy of warm air. Friction And Vibration To determine if friction can cause a glass to vibrate. After this experiment you will be able to answer the question, â€Å"Why did the glass vibrate when you rubbed your index finger against the rim of the glass? † Galileos Experiment To demonstrate Galileos falling objects experiment that states What goes up, must come down. After this experiment youll be able answer the question Do larger objects fall faster than lighter ones under the same conditions? Homemade Windmill To construct a homemade windmill Inertia of an Egg To identify a hard-boiled egg from among a dozen, the remainder being uncooked eggs and thereby demonstrate the Inertia of an Egg Jar Compass To demonstrate the earths magnetic force by creating our very own compass in a jar. Levers And Force To demonstrate how levers use force. Lift an Ice Cube To lift an ice cube from a glass of water using a string. Long Lasting Bubbles To explore how one can create bubbles that are long lasting or permanent. Magnified Light To demonstrate how sunlight can be intensified through a magnifying glass, concentrating energy to melt an ice cube. Make a Fuse Model To make a model of a fuse. After this experiment, you will realize the importance of the fuse and be able to answer the question, â€Å"How can a fuse help prevent fire caused by faulty electrical wiring? † Make a Parallel Circuit To construct a parallel circuit. After this experiment, you will be able to construct your own parallel circuit and answer the question, â€Å"Why are the electrical devices and appliances in the home commonly connected in parallel? † Make An Elevator To demonstrate how elevators work through a series of pulleys by constructing our own elevator system. Make Electric Circuits To construct a simple electric circuit and identify its parts. After this experiment, you will be able to name the parts of the simple electric circuit and answer the question, â€Å"When does electricity flow in the circuit? † Make Objects Float To demonstrate how water displacement causes objects (such as ships) to float rather than sink. Make Static Electricity To find out how static electricity is produced. After this experiment you will be able to differentiate static electricity from current electricity and answer the question, â€Å"What kind of electricity is produced when you rub two materials of different kinds? † Matchbox Guitar To demonstrate how string instruments work by building our very own miniature guitar from a matchbox. Missing Reflection To demonstrate how light rays interact with smooth surfaces to form reflections. Musical Bottles To demonstrate how different pitched sounds are made. Paper Bridge To construct a paper bridge that is strong enough to support several vehicles while demonstrating the force of tension. Pascal’s Law To demonstrate Pascal’s Law Pythagorean Tuning To demonstrate how the length of a piece of string can affect sound. Rollercoasters Loops To demonstrate how much height a marble will need (when funneled through a foam channel designed to mimic a rollercoaster) to make a complete loop of a certain size. Rubber Heat Reaction To demonstrate how rubber material reacts when exposed to high levels of heat (rubber-band thermodynamics). Secondary Colors To discover how secondary colors are derived from primary colors Separate Salt And Pepper To demonstrate how static electricity can be used to separate pepper from a salt and pepper mix. Snappy Sounds To demonstrate how colliding particles from vibration bang into one another to produce sound. Sound Waves To demonstrate how sound waves can penetrate various types of materials. Spectrum through Water To create a spectrum using a beam of light passing through water Static Electricity To use static electricity to separate a mixture of salt and pepper Super Strength Egg To demonstrate the strength of an eggshell when weight and pressure is applied to it. Vibrating Coin To demonstrate the expansion of air when heated. Water Displacement To demonstrate how water levels are affected by objects of various mass. This phenomenon is commonly known as water displacement.

Characteristics of Psychopathic Personalities

Characteristics of Psychopathic Personalities Psychopaths are incapable of feeling guilt, remorse, or empathy for their actions or the objects of their actions. They are generally cunning and manipulative. They know the difference between right and wrong but dont believe the rules apply to them. First Encounter With a Psychopath On first impression, psychopaths generally appear charming, engaged, caring, friendly, logical, and reasonable, with well thought-out goals. They give the impression that they can reason, that they know the consequences for antisocial and unlawful behavior and will  react appropriately. They appear capable of self-examination and will criticize  themselves for mistakes. Under clinical evaluation, psychopaths dont show  common symptoms associated with neurotic behavior: nervousness, high anxiety, hysteria, mood swings,  extreme fatigue, and headaches. In situations that most normal people would find upsetting, psychopaths appear calm and void of fear and anxiety. An About-Face Initially,  psychopaths appear  reliable, devoted, and trustworthy, but, suddenly and without provocation, become unreliable, with no regard for how their actions affect the situation, regardless of its importance. Once viewed as honest and sincere, they do a sudden about-face and begin lying without concern, even in small matters when there is no benefit in lying. Because psychopaths have mastered the art of deception, those around them are slow to accept the abrupt change. When psychopaths are confronted with their lack of responsibility, honesty or loyalty, it generally has no impact on their attitude or future performance. They are unable to perceive that other people value  truthfulness and integrity. Cant Accept Responsibility for Failure Psychopaths turn into performers who can mimic normal human emotions that they have never felt. This holds true when theyre faced with failure. If they appear to be humble and own up to their mistakes, their true goal is to be perceived as the martyr or sacrificial lamb willing to accept blame so others dont have to. If the ploy fails and they are blamed, they will emphatically deny any responsibility and, without feeling shame, turn to lies, manipulation, and finger-pointing. When psychopaths cant convince others that they are innocent, they fume and obsess over it, often murmuring sarcastic comments and plotting revenge. Risky  Behavior With No Gain Antisocial behavior- cheating, lying, robbing, stealing, agitating, fighting, committing adultery, killing- appeals to psychopaths, whether or not they reap any rewards.  They appear drawn to high-risk antisocial behavior that has no apparent goal. Some experts theorize that psychopaths like to put themselves into dangerous situations because of the  adrenaline rush they experience. Because psychopaths generally dont feel many emotions that normal people do, any extreme sensation feels good. Others believe that they do it to reinforce their sense of superiority and to prove that they are smarter than everyone, including the police. Horrible Judgment Although psychopaths are logical thinkers and view themselves as highly intelligent, they consistently exhibit bad judgment. Faced with two paths, one to gold and the other to ashes, the psychopath will take the latter. Because psychopaths cant learn from their experiences, they are prone to taking the same path again and again. Egocentric and Unable to Love Psychopaths are highly egomaniacal, to the point that a  normal person has difficulty comprehending it. Their  self-centeredness  is so deeply rooted that it renders them incapable of loving others, including parents, spouses, and their own children. The only time psychopaths show an ordinary response to kindness or special treatment by others is when it can be used to their advantage. For example,  a psychopathic father still loved by his children despite the deep  suffering he has caused them  may put on a show of appreciation so that they continue to put money into his prison account or pay his legal fees. Conventional Treatment Empowers Psychopaths Most studies indicate that there are no conventional methods to cure psychopathic behavior. When conventional methods have been used, psychopaths become empowered  and react by improving their cunning, manipulative methods and their ability to conceal their true personality, even from trained eyes. Difference Between Psychopaths and Sociopaths Psychopaths and sociopaths share a diagnosis as having antisocial personality disorder and similar traits, but there are significant differences. Psychopaths are more deceptive and manipulative and maintain more control over their outward personas. They are able to lead what appear to be normal lives, sometimes throughout their lifetime. When psychopaths become criminals they believe they are smarter than the average person and invincible. Sociopaths often let their inner rage surface with violent episodes, verbally and physically. They become reckless and spontaneous and have little control over what they say or how they act. Because they are impulse driven, they rarely consider the consequences of their actions. It is difficult for sociopaths to live normal lives, and because of their imprudence many of them drop out of school, cant hold jobs, turn to crime, and end up in prison. Which Is More Dangerous? Sociopaths have a difficult time hiding their disorder, while psychopaths pride themselves on their manipulative abilities. Psychopaths are masters of disassociation and less likely to feel guilt or remorse for their actions or for the pain that they cause others. Because of this, psychopaths are considered to be more dangerous than sociopaths. Source:  The Mask of Sanity,  by  Hervey M. Cleckley

Definition of Greenbacks

Definition of Greenbacks Greenbacks were the bills printed as paper currency by the United States government during the Civil War. They were given that name, of course, because the bills were printed with green ink. The printing of money by the government was seen as a wartime necessity prompted by the great costs of the conflict and it was a controversial choice. The objection to paper money was that it wasnt backed by precious metals, but rather by confidence in the issuing institution i.e. the federal government. (One version of origin of the name greenbacks is that people said the money was only backed by the green ink on the papers backs.) The first greenbacks were printed in 1862, after the passage of the Legal Tender Act, which President Abraham Lincoln signed into law on February 26, 1862. The law authorized the printing of $150 million in paper currency. A second Legal Tender Act, passed in 1863, authorized the issuing of another $300 million in greenbacks. The Civil War Prompted the Need for Money The outbreak of the Civil War created a massive financial crisis. The Lincoln administration began recruiting soldiers in 1861, and all the many thousands of troops had to be paid and equipped with weapons- everything from bullets to cannon to ironclad warships had to be built in northern factories. As most Americans did not expect the war to last very long, there didnt seem to be a pressing need to take drastic action. In 1861, Salmon Chase, the secretary of the treasury in Lincolns administration, issued bonds to pay for the war effort. But when a quick victory began to seem unlikely, other steps needed to be taken. In August 1861, after the Union defeat at the Battle of Bull Run and other disappointing engagements, Chase met with New York bankers and proposing issuing bonds to raise money. That still didnt solve the problem, and by the end of 1861 something drastic needed to be done. The idea of the federal government issuing paper money met with hard resistance. Some people feared, with good reason, that it would create a financial calamity. But after considerable debate, the Legal Tender Act made it through congress and became law. The Early Greenbacks Appeared in 1862 The new paper money, printed in 1862, was (to the surprise of many) not met with widespread disapproval. On the contrary, the new bills were seen as being more reliable than the previous paper money in circulation, which had typically been issued by local banks. Historians have noted that the acceptance of the greenbacks signaled a change in thinking. Instead of the value of money being linked to the financial health of individual banks, it was now linked to the concept of faith in the nation itself. So in a sense, having a common currency was something of a patriotic boost during the Civil War. The new one-dollar bill featured an engraving of the secretary of the treasury, Salmon Chase. An engraving of Alexander Hamilton appeared on denominations of two, five, and 50 dollars. President Abraham Lincolns image appeared on the ten-dollar bill. The use of green ink was dictated by practical considerations. It was believed that a dark green ink was less likely to fade and the green ink was supposedly harder to counterfeit. The Confederate Government Also Issued Paper Money The Confederate States of America, the government of the slave states which had seceded from the Union, also had severe financial problems. The Confederate government also began issuing paper money as well. Confederate money is often regarded as having been worthless because, after all, it was the money of the losing side in the war. The Confederate currency was further devalued because it was easy to counterfeit, however. As was typical during the Civil War, skilled workers and advanced machines tended to be in the North, and that was true of the engravers and high-quality printing presses needed to print currency. As the bills printed in the South tended to be of low quality, it was easier to make facsimiles of them. One Philadelphia printer and shopkeeper, Samuel Upham, produced a huge amount of fake Confederate bills, which he sold as novelties. Uphams fakes, indistinguishable from the genuine bills, were often purchased to be used on the cotton market, and thus found their way into circulation in the South. Greenbacks Were Successful Despite reservations about issuing them, the federal greenbacks were accepted. They became standard currency, and were even preferred in the South. The greenbacks solved the problem of financing the war and a new system of national banks also brought some stability to the nations finances. However, a controversy arose in the years following the Civil War as the federal government had promised to eventually convert the greenbacks into gold. In the 1870s a political party, the Greenback Party, formed around the campaign issue of keeping greenbacks in circulation. The feeling among some Americans, primarily farmers in the west, was that greenbacks provided a better financial system. On January 2, 1879 the government was to begin converting greenbacks, but few citizens showed up at institutions where they could redeem paper money for gold coins. Over time the paper currency had become, in the public mind, as good as gold. Incidentally, the money remained green into the 20th century partly for practical reasons. Green ink was widely available, stable, and not prone to fading but green bills seemed to mean stability to the public, so American paper money has remained green to this day.