Civil Liability and Private Police Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Civil Liability and Private Police - Essay Example The concept of having a police force is based on the concept of prevention of crime, because at the end of the day prevention is better than cure or punishment. The role and duties of the police forces across the globe are somewhat all the same, however, their authority and power to implement and prevent crimes is variable. For instance some countries like Iceland, New Zealand and Norway do not allow the police sergeants or other personnel to carry fire arms. Policing was essentially a matter administered by the governments or the states, and therefore the police forces were known as public police, because police was paid from the taxes submitted by the taxpayers (Pastor, 2003, pp. 6-7). Policing is apparently the duty of public police that is under the control of the state; however, there are other bodies that can also contribute towards maintenance of law and order, protecting private property, and safeguarding individuals. This kind of police force is controlled or owned by non-governmental entities, which find themselves under threat or feel insecure for their property. Over the last few decades, there has been an enormous shift in the employment of private police. Currently, the number of private security official exceeds the number of persons present in the federal police force. There are several factors that have contributed towards this transformation (Sklansky, 1998, p. 1170). The increasing rate of crime, threat of terrorism, corruption in the public sector, and the increase in the private property are the main reasons for the rapid expansion of private police in the United States of America after 9/11 (Enion, 2009, p. 521). The ever increasing crime rate in America and other parts of the world indicate the inefficiency of the public sector in providing security to the people. Moreover, public police is perhaps regarded as one of the most corrupted department under the executive command. Despite, being the first line

An Issue Facing Human Resource Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

An Issue Facing Human Resource - Research Paper Example Rays of light slip through the recently washed window, as the sun begins its journey through the sky. A copy machine sounds in the background as well as the quiet hum of hundreds of people beginning their day in their cubical. This is the typical office scene that has defined work culture for the past several decades. There is a change on the horizon, however, that has begun to alter this scene and could prove to permanently change what the ‘typical’ office is defined as. This change, brought on by advance technology and rising cost for both employers and employees is, telecommuting. Telecommuting, or an employee working from home, is quickly becoming the norm for many employees today. It comes with both benefits and challenges, and as with most changes to the workplace, the responsibility for ironing out this transition has been placed on human resource shoulders. However, by taking an in-depth look into the specific challenges this change brings, such as: calculating w ork hours, maintaining office culture and community, and keeping lines of communication open. One can successfully apply good human resource strategies to them, and affectively integrate this new technological practice into the company for all to benefit. The first challenge brought by telecommuting is how to calculate hours worked. When an employee is working from home it is hard for a company to affectively manage whether or not time is spent working or doing other things. One successful approach to this issue is implementing performance management skills for all departments company wide. Performance management bases rewards, and job recognition on the outcome produced, as well as the process one takes in achieving to said outcome. This proves most beneficial when trying to manage the success of an employees work hours when they are away from the office. The company can then set up a schedule for how many hours it should take to complete a task and pay the employee accordingly. Th is type of performance management is not only beneficial for employees that are telecommuting, however, it also benefits for all employees and managers. The American Society for Public Administration, upon switching to a performance management style, stated that, â€Å"Requirements for outcomes-based performance management are increasing performance-evaluation activities at all government levels† (Heinrich 712). This increase in performance evaluation activities comes as a direct result of the fact that performance management focuses on the steps needed to complete the task, it allows room for the employee to feel comfortable asking for help when needed, and not just when a major problem arises, and it gives direct feedback and praise for a job well done. This management style also requires continual communication between employee and management, which helps the telecommuter stay, focused and connected with their company. Another challenge telecommuting brings, that relies he avily on the human resource department to remedy, is maintaining office culture and community when employees are not working in the office. A study done by the Journal of Applied Psychology found that telecommuting less than two days a week had little to no affect on the workplace relationships, however, they stated, â€Å" high-intensity telecommuting (more than 2.5 days a week) accentuated telecommuting's beneficial effects on work-family conflict but harmed

Particle Size and Shape Measurements of Soot Using Image Analysis Lab Report

Particle Size and Shape Measurements of Soot Using Image Analysis - Lab Report Example The shapes of the particles were not purely rounded. The soot image had slightly larger particles having an area of approximately 8.6 cm squared. The solidity of the particles was found to be relatively high for the soot images that was swelling. Introduction. In industrial sectors, accurate and quick analysis of particle size distribution is of great importance. In many cases, the surface growth of the soot has been seen to be more dominant that the soot mass yield. A number of operations of mineral processing rely on the distribution of sizes and measurements that are key in bettering the efficiencies of the industrial sectors (Megaridis 14). A significant number of industrial processes of soot are mostly established through the distribution of the sizes of particles in their industrial processes. To characterize the soot growth rate, the theoretical model assessment is the surface area of the soot. For instance, the growth of the mass of soot normally comes before the abstraction of hydrogen establishing a radical surface site in the acetylene preparation. In these processes, the rate of mass addition relies on the total area of the surface and the amount of reactive surfaces. A substantial number of parameter that identify soot’s growth rate can be measured in an optical manner such as the fraction volume of the soot, temperature, and velocity. Such measurements are beneficial due to their non-intrusive nature, and the fact they occur in real time. The optical measurement of the size of the particle can facilitate the soot mass growth measurement and the rates of oxidation per surface area. A number of studies conducted on this field have determined the size of the soot particles using different methods like the electron transmission microscopy, time intensive and intrusive processes, and thermophoretic soot sampled micrograph among other methods. So far, there is no study that has used image analysis to determine the shape and size of soot particles . In this respect, a study was set to investigate the particle size and shape measurements of soot using image analysis. Theory. A digital image is made up of different pixel that are normally assigned a specific value. In the digital vision, the process of segmentation can be referred to as a partitioning process of the digital image into several segments (Harris 3). In this respect, the segmentation objective is normally to change or simplify the image representation into an easier an meaningful image for analysis. One of the simplest methods in image analysis is thresholding. Beginning with a grayscale image, binary images can be obtained through thresh holding. Binary images can be defined as digital images having only two pixel values (Sunderland 7). In many situations the two categories of colours used in binary imaging involve black and white. In this process, the shape descriptors of particles from the analysis of the image are normally determined through the use of values t hat are measured for the area, major, perimeter, and minor axis parameters. These values are normally given out through the image analyzer and can be identified as a critical tool in the particles classification of shape (Howard 1107). The calculation of the particles’s shape can be given by equation 1. C = 4pi* [Area/ Perimeter2]....................

Three Steps To Start a New Business Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Three Steps To Start a New Business - Term Paper Example During times such as this, small starts up businesses are advantaged because the opportunities in a recession are numerous (Bradberry, 2011). However, first step entrepreneurs should follow three steps. These are creating the business identity, registering the business, and funding the enterprise. The first step involves refining the business idea. While most entrepreneurs are stuck in wondering how to begin, simply thinking of opening a business is the beginning. What entrepreneurs must contend with is that there will always be challenges in starting a business (Ready, 2011). In order to be successful at this point, the entrepreneur must define the concept of their business. The entrepreneur will have to make a decision on the form of business they will create. This can be a limited company, a partnership, or a sole-proprietorship, the simplest of which is sole-proprietorship. At this point, do what you know. Think about your past actions in terms of the way you can transform them i nto products and services. There are three main aspects here. One should emulate what others have done, do what feels best for one’s situation, and aim to solve a common problem. In addition, the business plan needs to be worked on in its entirety at this point. This will help the entrepreneur in gaining confidence, focus, and clarity (Butler, 2008). In a sole entrepreneurship, the entrepreneur will have personal liability for the business’ debt, although he/she will earn all the profit. Sole proprietorship is relatively inexpensive with low formation costs, as well as not having to file accounts or have them audited by government-accredited agencies (Butler, 2008). If an individual is in business with another entrepreneur, then the individuals can form a partnership. In this case, both will be jointly liable for debts accrued as partners. Taxation is done separately for each partner; while this form of business owners can have limited liability for the purpose of debt s. Partnerships also have more formal structures as compared to a sole proprietorship. These must be registered with the relevant government agency. They could also decide to form an LLC, in which case their liability is limited to how many shares the individual entrepreneur has bought. This is the most expensive with registration and account costs, taxable profits, and separate taxation for each of the entrepreneur’s dividends and salary (Butler, 2008). After giving an identity to the business, he/she wants to start, the entrepreneur should then move on to the regulatory and legal requirements that they require to fulfill. First, they must register with a government agency for the purposes of the national insurance, tax, and their PAYE payments (Broad, 2012). In addition, the entrepreneur will need to get a VAT registration PIN. With regards to VAT, the government has various schemes for different entrepreneurs. If one chooses to be part of a partnership, then he or she will have to outsource to an accounting organization. This is important for protection of each partner in case of liability claims. These accountants are trained and certified with professional qualifications in public accounts. The choice of accounting firm will be important in relation to the nature of the business since every accounting firm has a unique way of member

The core challenges of capitalist globalisation are ethical rather Essay

The core challenges of capitalist globalisation are ethical rather than economic Discuss - Essay Example Although, globalization particularly capitalist globalization is mainly viewed as an economic based process, it can make maximal social impacts in various forms. Whether through business organizations’ functioning and through other economic based decisions, globalization can make many business and social impacts, and this is where ethical challenges will arise. With globalization mainly carried out to fulfil economic potential, ethical aspects could be given second preference. That is, when economic opportunities are ‘vehemently’ tapped through globalization, without focusing on other aspects particularly social aspects and business ethics, ethical challenges could be a major issue. Needless to say there are both die-hard critics as well as ardent supporters of the trend of capitalist globalization, with ethical issues brought into more prominence. When the term, globalization is focused from an overall perspective, it can be used to define the practices and processes that are carried out by business organizations, governments, social groups and common people to interact and assimilate among themselves in different spheres of human life, from economical to cultural, social, etc., breaking the geographical boundaries or a particular country’s borders in various, etc.. â€Å"Globalization may be thought of as the widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness in all aspects of contemporary social life, from the cultural to the criminal, the financial to the spiritually.† (Wiley, Nandi and Shahidullah, 1998). This definition of globalization was further reinforced by Joseph E Stiglitz, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics. He defined it as â€Å"the closer integration of the countries and peoples of the world ...brought about by the enormous reduction of costs of transportation and communi cation, and the breaking down of artificial barriers to the flows of goods, services, capital, knowledge, and people across borders." (2002,

Major paper 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Major paper 1 - Essay Example I hope to gain more from the university and the American society in general. The essay examines my learning experience, not just in education, but also in other areas of culture. The paper, therefore, attempts to provide a comprehensive narrative of my experience as a Chinese student in America, forming a potential foundation for others in my position to adjust and gain maximum benefits from the American society. Before coming to America, I always had a dream to study abroad in the hope of pursuing high quality education. In addition, I hoped to experience other people’s cultures, while getting a global point of view of issues surrounding the modern society. My parents and peers encouraged the move, terming it as a path towards self-discovery and exploration of my career options. Given all these factors, my move to America was filled with high expectations, hopes to make friends immediately, and enjoying all the things that the new culture had to offer. Even though I was slightly nervous during my flight from Beijing, my excitement was more than any concerns. For this reason, I did not take possible challenges into consideration and as a result, I was not fully prepared for the American life. On arrival from China, I was welcomed quickly but warmly at the airport. It is here that I began observing the differences between China and America. For example, while back at home people take their time to show you around or at least give you directions to wherever you want to go, majority of Americans do not have the patience for that. I also came to realize that many people in America are highly suspicious of strangers and therefore, interact cautiously with them. I also noted that unlike in China, where taxi drivers keep to themselves, in America they tend to ask many questions. It was rather difficult to keep up with the basic conversation after arrival, since I only understood a few English words. In consideration of these observations, it would perhaps be

The core challenges of capitalist globalisation are ethical rather Essay

The core challenges of capitalist globalisation are ethical rather than economic Discuss - Essay Example Although, globalization particularly capitalist globalization is mainly viewed as an economic based process, it can make maximal social impacts in various forms. Whether through business organizations’ functioning and through other economic based decisions, globalization can make many business and social impacts, and this is where ethical challenges will arise. With globalization mainly carried out to fulfil economic potential, ethical aspects could be given second preference. That is, when economic opportunities are ‘vehemently’ tapped through globalization, without focusing on other aspects particularly social aspects and business ethics, ethical challenges could be a major issue. Needless to say there are both die-hard critics as well as ardent supporters of the trend of capitalist globalization, with ethical issues brought into more prominence. When the term, globalization is focused from an overall perspective, it can be used to define the practices and processes that are carried out by business organizations, governments, social groups and common people to interact and assimilate among themselves in different spheres of human life, from economical to cultural, social, etc., breaking the geographical boundaries or a particular country’s borders in various, etc.. â€Å"Globalization may be thought of as the widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness in all aspects of contemporary social life, from the cultural to the criminal, the financial to the spiritually.† (Wiley, Nandi and Shahidullah, 1998). This definition of globalization was further reinforced by Joseph E Stiglitz, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics. He defined it as â€Å"the closer integration of the countries and peoples of the world ...brought about by the enormous reduction of costs of transportation and communi cation, and the breaking down of artificial barriers to the flows of goods, services, capital, knowledge, and people across borders." (2002,